Monday, November 23, 2009

LATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES

LATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES
(A) Major Countries Situated on or Near the Equator Kiribati, Ecquador, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Zaire (Zaire), Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Palau and Micronesia (countries are arranged in west to east direction)
(B) Major Countries Situated on or Near the Tropic of Cancer Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Mauritania, Algeria, Mali, Niger, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan and Phil­ippines (countries are arranged in west-east direction)
(C) Major Countries Situated on or Near the Tropic of Capricorn Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Madagascar, Mauritius and Australia (coun­tries are arranged in west-east direction)
(D) Mid-latitude (North) Countries USA, Canada (in part), most of the European countries, including Russia in part, Mongolia, China, Japan, North Korea and South Korea
(E) Mid-latitude (South) Countries Argentina (in part) and New Zealand
(F) Countries Touching 0° Longitude/Greenwich Merid­ian or Located near it United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Ghana (countries are arranged in north-south direction)

OCEAN-WISE CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR PORTS

Ocean Major Ports

1. Pacific Ocean Bangkok Hong Kong, Kao-hsiung, Los
Angeles, Manila Pusan, San Fransciso, Seattle, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney, Vladivostok, Wellington, Yokohama. Singapore is the leading container port in the world.

2. Atlantic Ocean Alexandria, Algiers, Antwerp, Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Casablanca, Colon, Copenhagen, Dakar, Gdansk, Hamburg, Helsinki, Las Palmas, Le Havre, Lisbon, London, Marseille, Montevideo Montreal, Naples, New York, Oran, Oslo, Peiraiefs or Piraeus, Rio de Janeiro Rotterdam, Saint Petersbl.!-rg, Stockholm.

3. Indian Ocean Chennai, Colombo, Durban, Jakarta, Kolkata, Melbourne, Mumbai, Richards Bay.

4. Arctic Ocean Churchill, Murmansk, Prudhoe Bay

CONTINENT-WISE CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR PORTS

CONTINENT-WISE CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR PORTS

1. AFRICA

Alexandria, AI Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsha Matruh, Port Said and Suez in Egypt; Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapple and Warrie in Nigeria; and Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth, Richards Way and Saldanha in South Africa.

2. ASIA

Chittagong, Dhaka, Mongla Port, Narayanganj in Bangladesh; Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Huangpu, Lianyungang, Nanjing, Nantong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tianjin, Xiamen, Xingang, Yantai and Zhanjiang in China; Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Se!11arang and Surabaya in Indonesia; Ashdod, Ashqelon, Etat or Eilat, Hadera, Haifa and Tel Aviv-Yafo in Israel; Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi harima, Himeje, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moje, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo and Tomakomai in Japan; Ch'ongjin, Heeju, Hungnam or Hamhung, Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong or Unggi, Ungsang and Wonsan in Korea (North); Chinhae, Inch' on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, P'ohang, Pusan, Tonghae-hang, Ulsan and Yosu in Korea (South): Bintulu, Kota Kinahalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pase'r Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong and Tawau in Malaysia; Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim in Pakistan; Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San Fernando, Subic Bay and Zamboanga in the Philippines; Chi-lung or Keelung, Hua-lien, Kaohsiung, Su-ao and T'ai-Chung in Taiwan; Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha and Songkhla in Thailand; and Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal' Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr; Mina' Zayid and Umm al Qaywayn in United Arab Emirates.


3. Europe

Antwerp (one of the busiest ports in the world), Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende and Zeebrugge in Belgium; Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne or Bornholm and Vejle in Denmark; Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, KQtka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rawna, Turku, Uusikaupunki and Varkaus in Finland; Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mullhouse Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg in France; Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Ham­burg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart in Gem Alexandroupolis, Elefsis, Irakleion (0 Kavala, Kerkyra, Chalkis, Igou?,enitsa, Lav Patrai, Peiraiefs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Vol Greece; Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Uuli (Jakobshavn), Kangerlussuaq, Nanort Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqo Oulianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tas in Greenland; Akureyri, Hornafjon Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjc Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannae in Iceland; Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Ou! Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross Waterford in Ireland; Augusta or Sicily, BagJ Bari, Brindise, Gela, Genoa, La Spezia, Livo Milazzo, Naples, Porto Foxi, Porto Torret Sard.inia, Salerno, Savona, Toranto. Treiste Venice in Italy; Amsterdam, Oelfziji, Dordre Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuic Maastrichi, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht i Vlissingen in The Netherlands; Berg Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harst Huugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, 0: Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso and TrondhE in Norway; Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobr2 Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ustka, Warsaw, Wrocl in Poland; A veiro, FW1chai (Madeira Islam Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, POI Delgada (Azores), Praia da Viltoria (Azon Setubal, Viana do Castelo in Portug Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kaza Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Mosco Murmansk, Nakhodka, Neve1'5 Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskl Saint Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuap1 Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostoclmyy, Vybo in Russia; A viles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadi Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelv La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malag Melilla, Pasajes, Gijon, Santa Cruz de Teneri (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragon Valencia, Vigo in Spain; Gavle, Gotebor Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalma Karlshamn, Malmo, Solves borg, StockholE Sundsvall; Berdyans'k, IlIichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerd Kherson, Kievor Kyyiv, Mariupol', Mykolayi' Odesa, Reni and Sevastopol' in Ukraine; Abel deen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmoutl Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leitl Liverpool, London, Manchester, Peterhead, Ply mouth, Portsmouth, Scapa Flow, Southamptofl Sullom Voe, Tees and Tyne in United King dom; and Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad Pancevo, Tivat, Zelenika in Yugoslavia.

4. North America

Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, PrincE
Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney. Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor in Canada; Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topoiobampo'l
Tuxpan, Veracruz in Mexico; and Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jackson­ville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral,Portland (Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo in the USA.

5. South AMERICA

Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata,
Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia in Argentina; Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria in Brazil; Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso in Chile; Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Colonia, Piriapolis in Uruguay; and Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Pu;:!rto Sucre, Punta Cardon.

6. Australia

Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport (Tasmania), Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tas­mania), Launceston (Tasmania), Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville in Australia; and Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington in New Zealand.

INDIA'S EXTREMES

INDIA'S EXTREMES
Largest Lake Wular Lake (Kashmir)
Longes"t Glacier Siachen Glacier (75.6 km long and 2.8 wide)
Longest River Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Setu over R Ganga in Patna (5,575 m/18286 ft in length)
Highest Airport Leh Airport, Ladakh (3256 m/1608 high)
Largest Public Sector Bank State Bank of India
Longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal (959 km long)
Largest Auditorium Sri Shanmukhananda Hall, Muml
Largest Cave Amarnath (44 km from Pahalgam, Jam and Kashmir)
Largest Church' Se . Cathederal, Goa
Oldest Church St Thomas Church, Thrissur, Kerala built in 52 AD
Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab
Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (53.5 m/ 175 ft high)
Most Populous City Mumbai
Largest Cave Temple Ellora, Maharashtra
Highest Dam Bhakra Nangal Dam on River Sutiej, Punjab (226m/ 738 it high and 518 m/1699 it long)
Longest Dam Hirakud Dam on River Mahanadi, Orissa (24.4 km long)
Largest Fresh Water Lake Kolleru, Andhra Pradesh
Largest Library National Library, Kolkata
Highest Mountain Peak Kanchenjunga
Fastest Train Shatabdi Express between New Delhi and Bhopal at a speed of 140 kmph
Largest Tribe Gond
Longest River Ganga (2460 km long)
Longest Road Grand Trunk Road from Kolkata to Delhi
Most Populated State Uttar Pradesh
Smallest State in Area Goa
Largest State in Area Rajasthan
Least Populated State Sikkim
Most Densely Populated State West Bengal
Least Densely Populated State Arunachal Pradesh
Most Literate State Kerala
Most Women State Kerala
Largest Stupa Great Stupa of Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
Highest Waterfall Jog Wateraiall, Karnataka
Largest Union Territory in Area Andaman and Nicobar Islands (8,249 sq km)
Smallest Union Territory in Area Lakshadweep (32 sq km)
Most Populated Union Territory Delhi (1,37,82,976)
Least Populated Union TerritoryLakshadweep (60,595)
Longest Corridor Corridor in Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu (1220m/ 4002 ft long)

WORLD'S EXTREMES

Coldest Place Polus Nedostupnosti, pole of Antarctica
Largest Landmass The Eurasian Land
Smallest Landmass The Australian Mainland
Biggest Continent Asia
Smallest Continent Australia
Largest Island Greenland (considering Australia as a con­tinentallandmass)
Largest Gulf The Gulf of Mexico
Largest Single Country Brazil
Country with the Largest Population China
Lowest Body of Water Dead Sea
Largest Ocean Pacific
Largest Sea The South China Sea
Largest Bay Hudson Bay
Highest Mountain Peak Mt. Everest (Nepal)
Largest Desert Sahara in Africa
Largest Forest Coniferous forests of northern Russia
Tallest Tree The redwood near the Californian coast
Highest Waterfall Salto Angel Falls in Venezuela
Highest Dam Rogunsky earthfill dam in Tajikistan.
Largest Wall The Great Wall of China
Tallest Office Building Sears Tower (Chicago, USA)
Tallest Tower CN Tower (Toronto, Canada)
Largest Stadium Strahov (Czech Republic)
Longest Bridge New River Gorge Bridge (W.Virginia, USA)
Longest Road Tunnel St. Gotthard Road Tunnel (Switzer­land)
Longest Rail Line 9438km on Trans-Siberian line (Russia)
Longest Railway Tunnel Seikan Rail Tunnel Oapan)
Biggest Railway Statian Grand Central Terminal (New York, USA)
Largest Sea Port Port of New York and New Jersey Busiest Port and Harbour Rotterdam Europort (The Neth­erlands)
Largest Airport King Khalia International Airport (Saudi Arabia)
Busiest Airport Chicago O'Hare International Airport
Largest Animal Blue or Sulphur-bottom Whale.
Tallest Animal The Giraffe
Fastest Moving Creature The Peregrine Falcon
Fastest Land Animal over Short Distance The Cheetah or
Hunting Leopard
Largest Land Anim!,l The African Bush Elephant.
Biggest Dam Grand Be (USA)
Highest Airport Lhasa (Tibet)
Biggest Country (in area) Russia
Largest Archipelago Indonesia (3,000 islands)
Biggest City (in area) Mount Isa, Queensland (AI. 41,225 sq. km)
Largest Bird Ostrich
Largest Electorate India
Largest Delta Sundarbans (India)
Highest Waterfall Angel (Venezuela)
Highest Road Leh Nobra Road (India)
Highest City Wenchuan (China)
Highest Datn The Grands (Switzerland)
Largest Railway Platform Kharagpur, West Bengali
largest Zoo Etosha Reserve (South West Africa)
Longest Epic Mahabharata
Longest Mountain Range Andes (South America)
Smallest Country (in area) Vatican City
Tallest Minaret Sultan Hassan Mosque (Egypt)
Tallest Minaret (Free Standing) Qutab Minar (India)
Smallest Bird Humming Bird
Longest River The Nile
Hottest Place Azizia (Libya)
Driest Place Death Valley (California)
Rainiest Place Cherrapunji (India)
Fastest Bird Swift
Tallest Fountain Fountain Hills (Arizona)
Largest Peninsula Arabia (Area: 3,250,000 sq.km)
Largest Mosque Jama Masjid (India)
Biggest Museum American Museum of Natural Hi! New York
Biggest Palace Vatican (Italy)
Biggest Dome Gol Gmubaz (India)
Largest Satellite Titan (Satellite of Saturn)
Tallest Statue Motherland, Volgograd (Russia)
Brightest Planet Venus

NEW NAMES OF COUNTRIES/CITIES







New Name
Ankara
Bangladesh
Beijing
Belize
Benin
Botswana
Bourkina Faso
Cambodia
Cape Kennedy
Chennai
Cote D'Ivoire
Dhaka
Ethiopia
Equatorial Guinea
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Harare
Hawaiian Islands
Ho Chi Minh City
Indonesia
Iraq
Iran
Istanbul
Jakarta
Kalaallit Nunaat
Kinshasa
Kochi
Kollam
Kozhikode
Leningrad
Lesothe
Loro Sae
Malagasy
Malaysia
Malawi
Mali
Manchuria
Mumbai
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
Nippon
Oslo
Panaji
Pune
Sambhaji Nagar
Shimla
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Thanjavur
Thiruvananthapuram
Thrissur
Tuvalu
United Arab Emirates
Udhagamandalam
United Arab Republic
Uttar Pradesh
Vanuatu
Volgograd
Yangon
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Old Name
Angora
East Pakistan
Peking
British Honduras
Dahomey
Bechunaland
Upper Volta
Kampuchea
Cape Canaveral
Madras
Ivory Coast
Dacca
Abyssinia
Spanish Guinea
Gold Coast
French Guinea
Portuguese Guinea
Salisburg
Sandwich Islands
Saigon
Dutch East Indies
Mesopotamia
Persia
Constantinople
Batavia
Greenland
LeopildviIle
Cochin
Quilon
Calicut
Petrograd
Basutoland
East Timor
Madagascar
Malaya
Nyasaland
French West Africa
Manchukuo
Bombay
Burma
South West Africa
Holland
Japan
Christina
Panjim
Poona
Aurangabad
Simla
Ceylon
Dutch Guyana
Formosa
Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Siam
Tanjore
Trivandrum
Trichur
Ellice Islands
TrucialOman
Ooty
Egypt
United Provinces
New Hebrides
Stalingrad
Rangoon
Congo
Northern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia

BOUNDARY LINES

BOUNDARY LINES
Durand Line: Boundary between India and Afghanistan. Demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1896. Hindenberg Line: The Line to which the Germans retreated in 1917 during the First World War; defines the boundary between Germany and Poland.
Mannerhiem Line: Boundary between Russia and Finland drawn up by Gen. Mannerhiem.
McMahon Line: The boundary between Chin~ and India as demarcated by Sir Henry McMahon; China does not recognise this line.
Maginot Line: Boundary betw.een France and Germany. A line of fortification .constructed by France for protection from possible German attack.
Oder Niesse Line: The boundary between Germany and Poland drawn after the Second World War.
Radcliffe Line: Drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe in 1947, it demarcates the boundary of India and Pakistan. Siegfried Line: Between Germany and France. A line of fortification drawn up by Germany.
17th Parallel: The line which defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before the two were united.
24th Parallel: A latitude line which according to Pakistan should be the line of demarcation in the Kutch dispute. India has rejected such claim.
38th Parallel: The boundary line between North K.
and South Korea. .
49th Parallel: The boundary between USA and Cani